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1 Fraus
1.fraus, fraudis ( gen. plur. fraudium, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 75; id. Pis. 19, 44; Dig. 9, 2, 23, § 4 al.:I.fraudum,
Tac. A. 6, 21; Gell. 14, 2, 6; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 214; archaic form dat. sing. frudi, Lucr. 6, 187 Lachm.; cf. acc. frudem, id. 2, 187; acc. to Cod. Quadrat.; nom. plur. frudes, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 1), f. [perh. root dhru-, bend, injure; Sanscr. dhru-ti, deception; cf. Gr. titrôskô, wound, thrauô, break, and Lat. frustum, frustra, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 150; Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 222], a cheating, deceit, imposition, fraud (class. in sing. and plur.; syn.: dolus, fallacia, calliditas, etc.).Lit.:II.cum duobus modis, id est aut vi aut fraude fiat injuria, fraus quasi vulpeculae, vis leonis videtur: utrumque homini alienissimum, sed fraus odio digna majore,
Cic. Off. 1, 13 fin.:nonne ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum ex fraude, fallaciis, mendaciis constare totus videtur?
id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:fraus fidem in parvis sibi praestruit, ut, cum operae pretium sit, cum mercede magna fallat,
Liv. 28, 42:hostes sine fide tempus atque occasionem fraudis ac doli quaerunt,
Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1:fraude ac dolo aggressus est (urbem),
Liv. 1, 53, 4:per summam fraudem et malitiam,
Cic. Quint. 18, 56:in fraudem obsequio impelli,
id. Lael. 24, 89:metuo in commune, ne quam fraudem frausus siet,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20:fraudis, sceleris, parricidii, perjurii plenus,
id. Rud. 3, 2, 37:Litavici fraude perspecta,
Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 6:legi fraudem facere,
i. e. to circumvent, evade, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9; cf.: contra legem facit, qui id facit, quod lex prohibet;in fraudem vero legis, qui salvis verbis legis sententiam ejus circumvenit. Fraus enim legi fit, ubi, quod fieri noluit, fieri autem non vetuit, id fit, etc.,
Dig. 1, 3, 29 and 30:quod emancipando filium fraudem legi fecisset,
Liv. 7, 16 fin.:facio fraudem senatusconsulto,
Cic. Att. 4, 12:inventum deverticulum est in fraude earum (legum), gallinaceos quoque pascendi,
Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 140:si quid in fraudem creditorum factum sit,
Dig. 42, 8, 6, § 8 al.:sese dedere sine fraude constituunt,
without deception, honorably, Caes. B. C. 2, 22, 1:sine fraude Punicum emittere praesidium,
Liv. 24, 47, 8 (in another sense under II. C. 2.):audax Iapeti genus (Prometheus) Ignem fraude malā gentibus intulit,
Hor. C. 1, 3, 28:aliter enim ad sororis filios quam concordiae fraude pervenire non poterat,
by the deceitful pretence of unanimity, Just. 24, 2:bestiae cibum ad fraudem suam positum aspernuntur,
Liv. 41, 23.—In plur.:exagitabantur omnes ejus fraudes atque fallaciae,
deceptions, Cic. Clu. 36, 101:qui fons est fraudium, maleficiorum, scelerum omnium,
id. Off. 3, 18, 75:noctem peccatis et fraudibus objice nubem,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 62:(Europe) scatentem Beluis pontum mediasque fraudes Palluit audax,
id. C. 3, 27, 28.Transf.A.Concr., of persons as a term of reproach, a cheater, deceiver, a cheat (ante-class and rare):B.fur, fugitive, fraus populi, Fraudulente,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 131:gerro, iners, fraus, heluo, ganeo,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 10.—In gen., a bad action, offence, crime (class.):C.otio aptus in fraudem incidi,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 32 Brix ad loc.:est enim periculum, ne aut neglectis iis (rebus divinis) impia fraude, aut susceptis anili superstitione obligemur,
Cic. Div. 1, 4 fin.:si C. Rabirius fraudem capitalem admisit, quod arma contra L. Saturninum tulit,
id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:scelus frausque,
id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:suscepta fraus,
id. Pis. 18 fin.:nocituram postmodo te natis fraudem committere,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.—In plur.:re publica violanda fraudes inexpiabiles concipere,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 72.—In pass. signif., a being deceived, selfdeception, delusion, error, mistake (class.):2. (α).is me in hanc illexit fraudem,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 42:imperitos in fraudem illicis,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 8 Ruhnk.; cf.: oculi, supercilia, frons, vultus denique totus... hic in fraudem homines impulit;hic eos, quibus erat ignotus, decepit, fefellit, induxit,
Cic. Pis. 1, 1:nos in fraudem induimus frustraminis ipsi,
Lucr. 4, 417:quemquam pellicere in fraudem,
id. 5, 1005:jacere in fraudem,
id. 4, 1206: in fraudem deducere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 4:in fraudem incidere,
Cic. Att. 11, 16, 1; cf.:in fraudem in re publica delabi,
id. de Or. 3, 60, 226:ne tibi dent in eo flammarum corpora fraudem,
Lucr. 2, 187:ne tibi sit frudi, quod nos inferne videmus, etc.,
id. 6, 187:quem (Euryalum) jam manus omnis Fraude loci et noctis... oppressum rapit,
deception as to, ignorance of, Verg. A. 9, 397.—Prop., produced by deception or ignorance: aliud fraus est, aliud poena;(β).fraus enim sine poena esse potest, poena sine fraude esse non potest. Poena est noxae vindicta, fraus et ipsa noxa dicitur et quasi poenae quaedam praeparatio,
Dig. 50, 16, 131.—Injury, hurt, harm, in gen. (in the best prose confined to the phrases, sine fraude and fraudi esse; v. infra):2.tuis nunc cruribus scapulisque fraudem capitalem hinc creas,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 23:id mihi fraudem tulit,
Cic. Att. 7, 26, 2:esse alicui fraudi aut crimini,
to tend to his injury, id. Mur. 35, 73; cf.:quae res nemini umquam fraudi fuit,
id. Clu. 33, 91; id. Att. 5, 21, 12; id. Phil. 5, 12, 34; 8, 11, 33; id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:latum ad populum est, ne C. Servilio fraudi esset, quod, etc.,
Liv. 30, 19, 9 al.: sine fraude, or archaic SE (SED) FRAVDE, without injury, without damage, without risk (= sine damno, sine noxa): SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT SE FRAVDE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 49;v. sine: rex respondit: QVOD SINE FRAVDE MEA POPVLIQVE ROMANI QVIRITIVM FIAT, FACIO,
Liv. 1, 24, 5:ceterae multitudini diem statuit, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere,
Sall. C. 36, 2; cf. Liv. 26, 12, 5; Hor. C. 2, 19, 20; id. C. S. 41:quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra Egit?
Verg. A. 10, 72:jam nosces, ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem,
id. ib. 11, 708.Fraus, personified, a deity, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44. In the service of Mercury, as the god of thieves, Mart. Cap. 1, § 51. -
2 fraus
1.fraus, fraudis ( gen. plur. fraudium, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 75; id. Pis. 19, 44; Dig. 9, 2, 23, § 4 al.:I.fraudum,
Tac. A. 6, 21; Gell. 14, 2, 6; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 214; archaic form dat. sing. frudi, Lucr. 6, 187 Lachm.; cf. acc. frudem, id. 2, 187; acc. to Cod. Quadrat.; nom. plur. frudes, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 1), f. [perh. root dhru-, bend, injure; Sanscr. dhru-ti, deception; cf. Gr. titrôskô, wound, thrauô, break, and Lat. frustum, frustra, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 150; Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 222], a cheating, deceit, imposition, fraud (class. in sing. and plur.; syn.: dolus, fallacia, calliditas, etc.).Lit.:II.cum duobus modis, id est aut vi aut fraude fiat injuria, fraus quasi vulpeculae, vis leonis videtur: utrumque homini alienissimum, sed fraus odio digna majore,
Cic. Off. 1, 13 fin.:nonne ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum ex fraude, fallaciis, mendaciis constare totus videtur?
id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:fraus fidem in parvis sibi praestruit, ut, cum operae pretium sit, cum mercede magna fallat,
Liv. 28, 42:hostes sine fide tempus atque occasionem fraudis ac doli quaerunt,
Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1:fraude ac dolo aggressus est (urbem),
Liv. 1, 53, 4:per summam fraudem et malitiam,
Cic. Quint. 18, 56:in fraudem obsequio impelli,
id. Lael. 24, 89:metuo in commune, ne quam fraudem frausus siet,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20:fraudis, sceleris, parricidii, perjurii plenus,
id. Rud. 3, 2, 37:Litavici fraude perspecta,
Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 6:legi fraudem facere,
i. e. to circumvent, evade, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9; cf.: contra legem facit, qui id facit, quod lex prohibet;in fraudem vero legis, qui salvis verbis legis sententiam ejus circumvenit. Fraus enim legi fit, ubi, quod fieri noluit, fieri autem non vetuit, id fit, etc.,
Dig. 1, 3, 29 and 30:quod emancipando filium fraudem legi fecisset,
Liv. 7, 16 fin.:facio fraudem senatusconsulto,
Cic. Att. 4, 12:inventum deverticulum est in fraude earum (legum), gallinaceos quoque pascendi,
Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 140:si quid in fraudem creditorum factum sit,
Dig. 42, 8, 6, § 8 al.:sese dedere sine fraude constituunt,
without deception, honorably, Caes. B. C. 2, 22, 1:sine fraude Punicum emittere praesidium,
Liv. 24, 47, 8 (in another sense under II. C. 2.):audax Iapeti genus (Prometheus) Ignem fraude malā gentibus intulit,
Hor. C. 1, 3, 28:aliter enim ad sororis filios quam concordiae fraude pervenire non poterat,
by the deceitful pretence of unanimity, Just. 24, 2:bestiae cibum ad fraudem suam positum aspernuntur,
Liv. 41, 23.—In plur.:exagitabantur omnes ejus fraudes atque fallaciae,
deceptions, Cic. Clu. 36, 101:qui fons est fraudium, maleficiorum, scelerum omnium,
id. Off. 3, 18, 75:noctem peccatis et fraudibus objice nubem,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 62:(Europe) scatentem Beluis pontum mediasque fraudes Palluit audax,
id. C. 3, 27, 28.Transf.A.Concr., of persons as a term of reproach, a cheater, deceiver, a cheat (ante-class and rare):B.fur, fugitive, fraus populi, Fraudulente,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 131:gerro, iners, fraus, heluo, ganeo,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 10.—In gen., a bad action, offence, crime (class.):C.otio aptus in fraudem incidi,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 32 Brix ad loc.:est enim periculum, ne aut neglectis iis (rebus divinis) impia fraude, aut susceptis anili superstitione obligemur,
Cic. Div. 1, 4 fin.:si C. Rabirius fraudem capitalem admisit, quod arma contra L. Saturninum tulit,
id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:scelus frausque,
id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:suscepta fraus,
id. Pis. 18 fin.:nocituram postmodo te natis fraudem committere,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.—In plur.:re publica violanda fraudes inexpiabiles concipere,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 72.—In pass. signif., a being deceived, selfdeception, delusion, error, mistake (class.):2. (α).is me in hanc illexit fraudem,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 42:imperitos in fraudem illicis,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 8 Ruhnk.; cf.: oculi, supercilia, frons, vultus denique totus... hic in fraudem homines impulit;hic eos, quibus erat ignotus, decepit, fefellit, induxit,
Cic. Pis. 1, 1:nos in fraudem induimus frustraminis ipsi,
Lucr. 4, 417:quemquam pellicere in fraudem,
id. 5, 1005:jacere in fraudem,
id. 4, 1206: in fraudem deducere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 4:in fraudem incidere,
Cic. Att. 11, 16, 1; cf.:in fraudem in re publica delabi,
id. de Or. 3, 60, 226:ne tibi dent in eo flammarum corpora fraudem,
Lucr. 2, 187:ne tibi sit frudi, quod nos inferne videmus, etc.,
id. 6, 187:quem (Euryalum) jam manus omnis Fraude loci et noctis... oppressum rapit,
deception as to, ignorance of, Verg. A. 9, 397.—Prop., produced by deception or ignorance: aliud fraus est, aliud poena;(β).fraus enim sine poena esse potest, poena sine fraude esse non potest. Poena est noxae vindicta, fraus et ipsa noxa dicitur et quasi poenae quaedam praeparatio,
Dig. 50, 16, 131.—Injury, hurt, harm, in gen. (in the best prose confined to the phrases, sine fraude and fraudi esse; v. infra):2.tuis nunc cruribus scapulisque fraudem capitalem hinc creas,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 23:id mihi fraudem tulit,
Cic. Att. 7, 26, 2:esse alicui fraudi aut crimini,
to tend to his injury, id. Mur. 35, 73; cf.:quae res nemini umquam fraudi fuit,
id. Clu. 33, 91; id. Att. 5, 21, 12; id. Phil. 5, 12, 34; 8, 11, 33; id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:latum ad populum est, ne C. Servilio fraudi esset, quod, etc.,
Liv. 30, 19, 9 al.: sine fraude, or archaic SE (SED) FRAVDE, without injury, without damage, without risk (= sine damno, sine noxa): SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT SE FRAVDE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 49;v. sine: rex respondit: QVOD SINE FRAVDE MEA POPVLIQVE ROMANI QVIRITIVM FIAT, FACIO,
Liv. 1, 24, 5:ceterae multitudini diem statuit, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere,
Sall. C. 36, 2; cf. Liv. 26, 12, 5; Hor. C. 2, 19, 20; id. C. S. 41:quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra Egit?
Verg. A. 10, 72:jam nosces, ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem,
id. ib. 11, 708.Fraus, personified, a deity, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44. In the service of Mercury, as the god of thieves, Mart. Cap. 1, § 51. -
3 tūtē
tūtē adv. with comp. and sup. [tutus], safely, securely, in safety, without danger: tutius receptus daretur, Cs.* * *without risk/danger, safely, securely -
4 tūtō
tūtō adv. with sup. [tutus], safely, securely, in safety, without danger: decernere, Cs.: ut tuto sim, in security: quaerere, ubi tutissimo essem.* * *Itutare, tutavi, tutatus Vguard, protect, defend; guard against, avertIItutius, tutissime ADVwithout risk/danger, safely, securely -
5 cautē
cautē adv. with comp. and sup. [cautus], cautiously, prudently, carefully: iter facere, Cs.: dicere, guardedly: cautius adcuro, ne, etc., T.: cur olivum Sanguine Cautius vitat? H.: Cautius te credere Marti, V.: quam cautissime navigare.* * *cautius, cautissime ADVcautiously; with security/precautions, without risk; circumspectly, carefully -
6 tūte
-
7 cauto
cautiously; with security/precautions, without risk; circumspectly, carefully -
8 periclum
pĕrīcŭlum (contr. pĕrīclum, very freq. in the poets, e. g. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 29; Ter. And. 2, 2, 13; 5, 1, 2; 5, 2, 26 al.; Lucr. 1, 580; 2, 5 et saep.; Verg. A. 2, 709; 751; 3, 711 et saep.; Juv. 6, 94), i, n. [root, Sanscr. par, pi-par-mi, to conduct, guide; Gr. peraô, to pierce; poros. a way through, passage; Lat. porta, portus, ex - perior, per-itus; cf. Germ. fahren, Gefahr], a trial, experiment, attempt, proof, essay (class.; cf. disorimen).I.Lit.:II.fac periculum in litteris,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 23:miser est homo qui amat... Scio qui periclum feci,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 27:priusquam periclum faceret,
Caes. B. G. 4, 21:ex aliis,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 36:alicujus fidei periculum facere,
to make trial of, to try, Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 34:quā in re tute tui periculum fecisti,
id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27: legionum, Auct. B. Afr. 79.—Transf.A.Concr., an attempt in writing, an essay:B.faciunt imperite, qui in isto periculo non ut a poëtā, sed ut a teste, veritatem exigent (speaking of a poem in honor of Marius),
Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4; Aus. Idyll. 10, 215.—Risk, hazard, danger, peril (which acompanies an attempt;2.the common signif. of the word): meo periclo rem gero,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 100:tuo ego istaec dicam illi periculo,
id. ib. 4, 2, 17:periculum facere,
to run a risk, id. ib. 1, 1, 63:si ei subito sit allatum periculum discrimenque patriae,
Cic. Off. 1, 43, 154:salus sociorum summum in periculum ac discrimen vocatur,
id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:discriminum et periculorum comites,
id. N. D. 2, 66, 166:obire pericula ac labores,
Liv. 1, 54:periculum adire capitis,
to run the risk of one's life, Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:in periculo animarum suarum,
Vulg. 1 Par. 11, 19:subire pro amico,
Cic. Part. 19, 66:suscipere,
to take upon one's self, id. Mur. 36, 76:ingredi,
id. ib. 2, 4:conflare alicui,
to cause, occasion, id. Sull. 4, 13:intendere in aliquem,
id. Rosc. Am. 3, 7:intendere alicui,
id. Att. 2, 19, 1:mortis alicui inicere,
id. Caecin. 29, 83:facessere innocenti,
id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:facere alicui,
Sall. C. 33, 1; cf.:ego nihil facio tibi periculi,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 7:creare alicui,
Cic. Att. 22, 2:comparare alicui,
id. Fl. 38, 96:moliri optimis civibus,
id. Sest. 1, 1:amici depellere,
id. Clu. 6, 8:subterfugere,
id. Fam. 15, 1, 4:adducta est res in maximum periculum et extremum paene discrimen,
id. Phil. 7, 1, 1:se in periculum capitis atque in vitae discrimen inferre,
id. Balb. 10, 25:arcessere aliquem in summum capitis periculum,
id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:includere in periculum,
id. Clu. 55, 155:in periculum se committere,
to get into danger, id. Inv. 2, 8, 37:eripere ex periculo,
id. Clu. 26, 70:extrahere ex periculo,
to release from danger, id. Sest. 4, 11:rem publicam a periculo prohibere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:liberare periculis,
id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:res in periculo vertitur,
the affair becomes perilous, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 12:esse in periculo,
Cic. Fam. 4, 15, 2:in periculo versari,
id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:a securi negat ei periculum esse,
that danger threatens him, id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:periculum est, ne,
there is danger that, id. Tusc. 5, 40, 118; so id. Verr. 1, 11, 32: periculo meo, tuo, suo, at my, your, his risk:meo periculo,
id. Sest. 52, 111:crede audacter meo periculo,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 51:meo periculo rem gero,
id. Bacch. 4, 4, 100; id. As. 2, 4, 51:des ei nummos fide et periculo meo,
Dig. 46, 1, 24:navem sumptu periculoque suo armatam mittere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 50; id. Fl. 17, 41:rem periculi sui facere,
to do a thing at one's own risk, Dig. 23, 5, 16: bono periculo, safely, without danger (post-class.), App. Mag. p. 320, 16.—In partic.a.A trial, action, suit at law (class.):b.meus labor in privatorum periculis caste integreque versatus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2:aliquem in periculis defendere,
Nep. Phoc. 2, 3.—A writ of judgment, a sentence:c.unum ab iis petivit, ut in periculo suo inscriberent, etc.,
Nep. Ep. 8:pericula magistratuum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79, § 183.—A sickness, attack of sickness (post-Aug.):d.in acutis vero periculis nullis dandum est vinum,
Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 48.— -
9 periculum
pĕrīcŭlum (contr. pĕrīclum, very freq. in the poets, e. g. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 29; Ter. And. 2, 2, 13; 5, 1, 2; 5, 2, 26 al.; Lucr. 1, 580; 2, 5 et saep.; Verg. A. 2, 709; 751; 3, 711 et saep.; Juv. 6, 94), i, n. [root, Sanscr. par, pi-par-mi, to conduct, guide; Gr. peraô, to pierce; poros. a way through, passage; Lat. porta, portus, ex - perior, per-itus; cf. Germ. fahren, Gefahr], a trial, experiment, attempt, proof, essay (class.; cf. disorimen).I.Lit.:II.fac periculum in litteris,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 23:miser est homo qui amat... Scio qui periclum feci,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 27:priusquam periclum faceret,
Caes. B. G. 4, 21:ex aliis,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 36:alicujus fidei periculum facere,
to make trial of, to try, Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 34:quā in re tute tui periculum fecisti,
id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27: legionum, Auct. B. Afr. 79.—Transf.A.Concr., an attempt in writing, an essay:B.faciunt imperite, qui in isto periculo non ut a poëtā, sed ut a teste, veritatem exigent (speaking of a poem in honor of Marius),
Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4; Aus. Idyll. 10, 215.—Risk, hazard, danger, peril (which acompanies an attempt;2.the common signif. of the word): meo periclo rem gero,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 100:tuo ego istaec dicam illi periculo,
id. ib. 4, 2, 17:periculum facere,
to run a risk, id. ib. 1, 1, 63:si ei subito sit allatum periculum discrimenque patriae,
Cic. Off. 1, 43, 154:salus sociorum summum in periculum ac discrimen vocatur,
id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:discriminum et periculorum comites,
id. N. D. 2, 66, 166:obire pericula ac labores,
Liv. 1, 54:periculum adire capitis,
to run the risk of one's life, Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:in periculo animarum suarum,
Vulg. 1 Par. 11, 19:subire pro amico,
Cic. Part. 19, 66:suscipere,
to take upon one's self, id. Mur. 36, 76:ingredi,
id. ib. 2, 4:conflare alicui,
to cause, occasion, id. Sull. 4, 13:intendere in aliquem,
id. Rosc. Am. 3, 7:intendere alicui,
id. Att. 2, 19, 1:mortis alicui inicere,
id. Caecin. 29, 83:facessere innocenti,
id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:facere alicui,
Sall. C. 33, 1; cf.:ego nihil facio tibi periculi,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 7:creare alicui,
Cic. Att. 22, 2:comparare alicui,
id. Fl. 38, 96:moliri optimis civibus,
id. Sest. 1, 1:amici depellere,
id. Clu. 6, 8:subterfugere,
id. Fam. 15, 1, 4:adducta est res in maximum periculum et extremum paene discrimen,
id. Phil. 7, 1, 1:se in periculum capitis atque in vitae discrimen inferre,
id. Balb. 10, 25:arcessere aliquem in summum capitis periculum,
id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:includere in periculum,
id. Clu. 55, 155:in periculum se committere,
to get into danger, id. Inv. 2, 8, 37:eripere ex periculo,
id. Clu. 26, 70:extrahere ex periculo,
to release from danger, id. Sest. 4, 11:rem publicam a periculo prohibere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:liberare periculis,
id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:res in periculo vertitur,
the affair becomes perilous, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 12:esse in periculo,
Cic. Fam. 4, 15, 2:in periculo versari,
id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:a securi negat ei periculum esse,
that danger threatens him, id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:periculum est, ne,
there is danger that, id. Tusc. 5, 40, 118; so id. Verr. 1, 11, 32: periculo meo, tuo, suo, at my, your, his risk:meo periculo,
id. Sest. 52, 111:crede audacter meo periculo,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 51:meo periculo rem gero,
id. Bacch. 4, 4, 100; id. As. 2, 4, 51:des ei nummos fide et periculo meo,
Dig. 46, 1, 24:navem sumptu periculoque suo armatam mittere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 50; id. Fl. 17, 41:rem periculi sui facere,
to do a thing at one's own risk, Dig. 23, 5, 16: bono periculo, safely, without danger (post-class.), App. Mag. p. 320, 16.—In partic.a.A trial, action, suit at law (class.):b.meus labor in privatorum periculis caste integreque versatus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2:aliquem in periculis defendere,
Nep. Phoc. 2, 3.—A writ of judgment, a sentence:c.unum ab iis petivit, ut in periculo suo inscriberent, etc.,
Nep. Ep. 8:pericula magistratuum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79, § 183.—A sickness, attack of sickness (post-Aug.):d.in acutis vero periculis nullis dandum est vinum,
Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 48.— -
10 dimico
dī-mĭco, āvi (e. g. dimicavere, Vell. 2, 85, 1;I.dimicaverant,
Caes. B. C. 2, 4, 3;dimicassent,
Vell. 2, 85, 5 al.;dimicuisse,
Ov. Am. 2, 7, 2; 2, 13, 28), ātum, 1, v. n., lit., to brandish one's weapons against the enemy, i. e. to fight, struggle, contend (freq. and class.).Lit.:b.manum conserere atque armis dimicare,
Caes. B. C. 1, 20, 4:armis cum aliquo,
Nep. Milt. 1, 2:ferro pro patria,
Liv. 1, 24:acie cum aliquo,
id. 2, 49 fin.;for which: in acie,
Caes. B. G. 7, 64, 2:proelio,
id. ib. 5, 16, 2;6, 31, 1 al.: equitatu,
Nep. Eum. 3 fin.:adversus aliquem,
Nep. Milt. 4 fin.:pro legibus, pro libertate, pro patria,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 19 et saep.:tuto dimicare,
Caes. B. G. 3, 24, 2; so absol., id. ib. 2, 21, 5; 3, 17 fin. et saep.— Pass. impers.:ancipiti proelio dimicatur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 3; so,proelio,
id. ib. 1, 41, 3; 3, 72, 3 al.;and without proelio,
id. B. G. 5, 16, 1; id. B. C. 3, 85, 3; Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; cf.:in mortem dimicabatur,
Vell. 2, 85, 4 al. —In partic. of gladiatorial combats, Suet. Caes. 26; 39; id. Calig. 27; 30; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 18 al.—With an abstr. subject:II.leonum feritas inter se non dimicat,
Plin. H. N. 7 prooem. § 5.Transf. beyond the milit. sphere, to struggle, to strive, to contend: omni ratione erit dimicandum, ut, etc., Cic. Div. ap. Caecil. 22, 72:b.dimicantes competitores,
Liv. 6, 41:de sua potentia periculo civitatis,
Cic. Att. 7, 3; esp. with the accessory idea of risk, hazard: reos, de capite, de fama, de civitate, de fortunis, de liberis dimicantes (for which, shortly before: qui auderent se et salutem suam in discrimen offerre), Cic. Sest. 1: de honore et gloria (for which, shortly before: de vita, de gloria in discrimen vocantur), id. Off. 1, 24, 83:de vita gloriae causa,
id. Arch. 10, 23; cf.:de vita,
id. ib. 11 fin.; Liv. 24, 26: de omnibus fortunis reip., Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12 D.:de fama,
Nep. Timoth. 4, 3:de liberis,
Liv. 3, 44 fin.; and:de repulsa,
i. e. at the risk of one, id. 6, 40; cf. also without de:ut in singulas horas capite dimices tuo,
Liv. 2, 12 (in Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 56, the reading is dubious, v. Madv. ad h. l.).—In Tertullian, borrowed from the lang. of gladiators (v. supra, no. I.):ad hanc jam lineam dimicabit nostra congressio,
Tert. Pudic. 6; id. adv. Marc. 1, 7. -
11 sum
1.sum, fui, esse (2d pers. es, but usu. es in Plaut and Ter; old forms, indic. pres. esum for sum, acc. to Varr. L. L. 9, § 100 Mull.: essis for es, Att. ap. Non. 200, 30, or Trag. Rel. p. 283 Rib.: simus for sumus, used by Augustus, acc. to Suet. Aug. 87; fut. escit for erit, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25:I.esit, XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. nec, p. 162 Mull.: escunt for erunt,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60, 3, 3, 9; Lucr. 1, 619; perf. fuvimus for fuimus, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 168:FVVEIT, C. I. L. 1, 1051: fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 23; id. Mil. 3, 1, 159:fuerim,
id. ib. 4, 8, 54:fuerit,
id. As. 4, 1, 37; subj. pres. siem, sies, siet, etc., very freq., esp. in Plaut.; e. g. siem, Am. prol. 57; Ter. And. 3, 4, 7:sies,
Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 43; Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:siet,
Plaut. Am. prol. 58; Ter. And. 1, 4, 7; Lucr. 3, 101:sient,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 54; Ter. And. 2, 3, 16; cf. Cic. Or. 47, 157; also,fuam, fuas, etc., regarded by G. Curtius, de Aorist. Lat. Rel. in Studien zur Gr. u. Lat. Gram. 1, 431 sqq., as an aorist: fuam,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 48; id. Mil. 2, 6, 112: fuas, Liv. Andron. ap. Non 111, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 71; 2, 3, 83; id. Pers. 1, 1, 52; id. Trin. 2, 1, 32: fuat, Pac. ap. Non. 111, 8; Carm. ap. Liv. 25, 12; Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 2; id. Aul. 2, 2, 56; id. Capt. 2, 2, 10 et saep.; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 4; Lucr. 4, 639; Verg. A. 10, 108:fuant,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 110; id. Ep. 5, 1, 13; id. Ps. 4, 3, 12: fuvisset, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4; part. pres. ens, used by Caesar, acc. to Prisc. p. 1140 P.; and by Sergius Flavius, acc. to Quint. 8, 3, 33; fut. inf. fore for futurum esse, very freq., and so always with partt.; cf. Madv. Gram. § 108; whence, subj. imperf. forem fores, etc., for essem; esp. in conditional sentences and in the histt., but very rare in Cic.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 597 sqq.), v. n. [root es; Sanscr. as-mi, and the Greek es-mi, whence eimi; perf. fui; root in Sanscr. bhu, to become; bhavas, condition; Gr. phuô, to beget; cf.: fetus, futuo, etc.], to be, as a verb substantive or a copula.As a verb substantive, to be.A.In gen.1.Asserting existence, to be, exist, live:2.definitionum duo sunt genera prima: unum earum rerum quae sunt: alterum earum quae intelleguntur. Esse ea dico, quae cerni tangive possunt, ut fundum, aedes, parietem, cetera. Non esse rursus ea dico, quae tangi demonstrarive non possunt, cerni tamen animo atque intellegi possunt, ut si usucapionem, si tutelam, etc.... definias,
Cic. Top. 5, 26 sq.:si abest, nullus est,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 16:nunc illut est, quom me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,
id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:ita paene nulla sibi fuit Phronesium ( = paene mortuus est),
id. Truc. 1, 2, 95:omne quod eloquimur sic, ut id aut esse dicamus aut non esse,
Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:non statim, quod esse manifestum est, etiam quid sit apparet,
Quint. 3, 6, 81: est locus, Hesperiam quam mortales perhibebant, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 23 Vahl.):flumen est Arar, quod, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 12:homo nequissimus omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futuri sunt!
Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:si quos inter societas aut est aut fuit aut futura est,
id. Lael. 22, 83:nec enim, dum ero, angar ulla re, cum omni vacem culpa: et, si non ero, sensu omnino carebo,
id. Fam. 6, 3, 4:si modo futuri sumus, erit mihi res opportuna,
id. Att. 11, 4, 1:si quando erit civitas, erit profecto nobis locus: sin autem non erit, etc.,
id. Fam. 2, 16, 6:nolite arbitrari, me cum a vobis discessero, nusquam aut nullum fore,
id. Sen. 22, 79:si erit ulla res publica... sin autem nulla erit,
id. Fam. 2, 16, 5:fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium,
Verg. A. 2, 325:sive erimus seu nos fata fuisse volunt,
Tib. 3, 5, 32: per quinquennia decem fuimus, Prud. Cath. praef. 2.—Of events, to be, happen, occur, befall, take place:3.illa (solis defectio) quae fuit regnante Romulo,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:neque enim est periculum, ne, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 23, 37:amabo, quid tibi est?
Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 24:quid se futurum esset,
Liv. 33, 27. —Of location, to be present, to be at a place.(α).With adv., or other expressions of place:(β).cum non liceret quemquam Romae esse, qui, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 41, § 100:cum Athenis decem ipsos dies fuissem,
id. Fam. 2, 8, 3; id. de Or. 2, 7, 27:cum Africanus constituisset in hortis esse,
id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:cum essemus in castris,
id. ib. 1, 15:nonne mavis sine periculo tuae domi esse quam cum periculo alienae?
id. Fam. 4, 7, 4:vos istic commodissime sperem esse,
id. ib. 14, 7, 2: te hic tutissime puto fore, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—Of passages in a book or writing, with in and abl., to be, stand, be written, etc.:(γ).deinceps in lege est, ut, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:quid enim in illis (litteris) fuit praeter querelam temporum,
id. Fam. 2, 16, 1.—Of personal relations, with ad or apud and acc., or cum and abl. of person:4.cum esset (Sulpicius Gallus) casu apud M. Marcellum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21:eram cum Stoico Diodoto: qui cum habitavisset apud me mecumque vixisset, etc.,
id. Brut. 90, 309:erat nemo, quicum essem libentius quam tecum et pauci, quibuscum essem aeque libenter,
id. Fam. 5, 21, 1:qui me admodum diligunt multumque mecum sunt,
id. ib. 4, 13, 6; cf. with simul:Smyrnae cum simul essemus complures dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13.—Hence, esp.: esse cum aliquo (aliqua), to be with, i. e. live with, associate with, as husband or wife:cujus soror est cum P. Quintio,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77:ea nocte mecum illa hospitis jussu fuit,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 101; Ov. A. A. 3, 664:cum hac (meretrice) si qui adulescens forte fuerit,
Cic. Cael. 20, 49; Ov. Am. 2, 8, 27: tum ad me fuerunt, qui, etc., Varr. ap. Non. 133, 28:Curio fuit ad me sane diu,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 8:cum ad me bene mane Dionysius fuit,
id. ib. 10, 16, 1; cf.:esse sub uno tecto atque ad eosdem Penates,
Liv. 28, 18.—Of relations analogous to place, of dress, condition, position, office, etc., to be, live, be found, etc., with in and abl.:5.cum est in sagis civitas,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32:in laxa toga,
Tib. 2, 3, 78: sive erit in Tyriis, Tyrios laudabis amictus;Sive erit in Cois, Coa decere puta,
Ov. A. A. 2, 297: hominem non modo in aere alieno nullo, sed in suis nummis multis esse et semper fuisse, Cic. Verr [p. 1798] 2, 4, 6, §11: in servitute,
id. Clu. 7, 21:in illa opinione populari,
id. ib. 51, 142:in magno nomine et gloria,
id. Div. 1, 17, 31:in spe,
id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:in tanta moestitia,
id. Phil. 2, 15, 37:in odio,
id. Att. 2, 22, 1:in probris, in laudibus,
id. Off. 1, 18, 61:in officio,
id. ib. 1, 15, 49:in injustitia,
id. ib. 1, 14, 42:in vitio,
id. ib. 1, 19, 62; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 19:ne in mora quom opus sit, sies,
Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:ne in mora illi sis,
id. ib. 3, 1, 9:hic in noxia'st,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 36:quae (civitas) una in amore atque in deliciis fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:in ingenti periculo,
Liv. 5, 47:in pace,
id. 31, 29.—So with abl. without in, when qualified by an adj.:(statua) est et fuit tota Graecia summo propter ingenium honore et nomine,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87:si quis asperitate ea est et inmanitate naturae,
id. Lael. 23, 87:ne quo periculo proprio existimares esse,
id. Fam. 4, 15, 2 (B. and K. ex conj.:in periculo): ego sum spe bona,
id. ib. 12, 28, 3:res nunc difficili loco mihi videtur esse,
id. ib. 12, 28, 3:incredibili sum sollicitudine de tua valetudine,
id. ib. 16, 15, 1; esp. in phrase periculo alicujus esse, to be at the risk of any one:rem illam suo periculo esse,
id. Att. 6, 1, 6:ut quae in naves inposuissent, ab hostium tempestatisque vi publico periculo essent,
Liv. 23, 49, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:dare nummos meo periculo,
Dig. 46, 1, 24:communi periculo,
ib. 13, 6, 21, § 1 (cf. II. B. 1. b. infra).—To depend upon, rest with, with in and abl.:B.res erat non in opinione dubia,
Cic. Dom. 5, 11:sed totum est in eo, si, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 5:omnem reliquam spem in impetu esse equitum,
Liv. 10, 14, 12:quoniam totum in eo sit, ne contrectentur pocula,
Col. 12, 4, 3. —In partic.1.Esse (est, sunt, etc.) often stands without a subject expressed, or with an indef. subj., as antecedent of a rel.-clause, whose verb may be in the indic. or subj.; the former only when the subject is conceived as particular or limited, and actually existing; the latter always when it is conceived as indefinite; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 562 sq.; Roby, Gram. § 1686 sq.; Madv. Gram. § 365; but the distinctions usually drawn by grammarians are not always observed by the best writers; and the subjunctive is always admissible, being the prevailing construction after sunt qui in class. prose, and nearly universal in postAug. writers: sunt, qui (quae), there are those ( people or things) who ( that), or simply some.a.With indic.(α).Without subject expressed:(β).mulier mane: sunt Qui volunt te conventam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 37:sunt hic quos credo inter se dicere,
id. Cas. prol. 67:sunt quae te volumus percontari,
id. Ps. 1, 5, 47:quid est, quod tu gestas tabellas?
id. ib. 1, 1, 10:quid est, quod tu me nunc optuere?
id. Most. 1, 1, 69; cf.:quid hoc est, quod foris concrepuit?
id. ib. 5, 1, 15:tun' is es, Qui in me aerumnam obsevisti?
id. Ep. 4, 1, 34:quid est, quod tuo animo aegre est?
id. Cas. 2, 2, 9; id. Cist. 4, 1, 3:at ego est quod volo loqui,
id. As. 1, 3, 79:est quod te volo secreto,
id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30:sunt quos scio amicos esse, sunt quos suspicor,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 54:ita subitum'st, quod eum conventum volo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 51:sunt quae ego ex te scitari volo,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 13:sed est quod suscenset tibi,
Ter. And. 2, 6, 17:est quod me transire oportet,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 31:quid sit quapropter te jussi, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1, 7:sunt item quae appellantur alces,
Caes. B. G. 6, 27 init.:(nationes) ex quibus sunt qui ovis vivere existimantur,
id. ib. 4, 10 fin.:sunt qui putant posse te non decedere,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25:sunt autem, qui putant non numquam complexione oportere supersederi,
id. Inv. 1, 40, 72:quamquam sunt, qui propter utilitatem modo petendas putant amicitias,
id. ib. 2, 55, 167:sunt autem quae praeterii,
id. Att. 10, 4, 11:sunt, qui abducunt a malis ad bona, ut Epicurus. Sunt, qui satis putant ostendere, nihil inopinati accidisse... Sunt etiam qui haec omnia genera consolandi colligunt,
id. Tusc. 3, 31, 76 Kuhn. N. cr.:sunt, qui, quod sentiunt, non audent dicere,
id. Off. 1, 24, 84:Argiletum sunt qui scripserunt ab Argola, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 157 Mull.:sunt qui ita dicunt,
Sall. C. 19, 4:sunt qui spiritum non recipiunt sed resorbent,
Quint. 11, 3, 55:sunt, quos curriculo pulverem Olympicum Collegisse juvat,
Hor. C. 1, 1, 3; cf. id. S. 1, 4, 24: sunt quibus unum opus est, etc., id. C. 1, 7, 5:sunt quibus in satira videor nimis acer,
id. S. 2, 1, 1:sunt quorum ingenium nova tantum crustula promit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 47.—With a subject expressed by an indefinite word or clause:b.sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:est genus hominum qui se primos omnium esse volunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:multae sunt causae, quam ob rem cupio abducere,
id. ib. 1, 2, 65 Fleck. (Ussing, cupiam):erat quidam eunuchus, quem mercatus fuerat,
id. ib. 3, 5, 21:multaeque res sunt in quibus de suis commodis viri boni multa detrahunt,
Cic. Lael. 16, 57:sunt ejus aliquot orationes, ex quibus lenitas ejus perspici potest,
id. Brut. 48, 177:fuerunt alia genera philosophorum, qui se omnes Socraticos esse dicebant,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 62:nonnulli sunt, qui aluerunt, etc.,
id. Cat. 1, 12, 301:sunt quidam, qui molestas amicitias faciunt, cum ipsi se contemni putant,
id. Lael. 20, 72:sunt vestrum, judices, aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognoverunt,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:multae et pecudes et stirpes sunt, quae sine procuratione hominum salvae esse non possunt,
id. N. D. 2, 52, 130:sunt bestiae quaedam, in quibus inest aliquid simile virtutis, etc.,
id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:permulta sunt, quae dici possunt, quare intellegatur, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33, 94; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 22; id. Off. 1, 14, 43; 1, 20, 69; id. Div. 1, 54, 123:fuere complures, qui ad Catilinam initio profecti sunt,
Sall. C. 39, 5: haec sunt, quae clamores et admirationes in bonis oratoribus efficiunt. Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 152:alia fuere, quae illos magnos fecere,
Sall. C. 52, 21.—With. subj.: sunt, qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem;(β).sunt qui nullum censeant fieri discessum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:sunt qui in rebus contrariis parum sibi constent,
id. Off. 1, 21, 71:de impudentia singulari sunt qui mirentur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6:est eisdem de rebus quod dici potest subtilius,
id. Tusc. 3, 15, 32:praesto est qui neget rem ullam percipi esse sensibus,
id. Ac. 2, 32, 101:quicquid est quod deceat, id, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sunt qui nolint tetigisse nisi illas, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 28:sunt qui Crustis et pomis viduas venentur avaras,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 78:vestes Gaetulo murice tinctas Sunt qui non habeant, est qui non curet habere,
id. ib. 2, 2, 182 et saep.—With a more or less indefinite expression of the subject:* c.sunt quidam e nostris, qui haec subtilius velint tradere et negent satis esse, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 31:rarum est quoddam genus eorum, qui se a corpore avocent,
id. Div. 1, 49, 111:quotus igitur est quisque qui somniis pareat?
id. ib. 2, 60, 125; id. de Or. 2, 50, 196:solus est hic, qui numquam rationes ad aerarium referat,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 98:quae quibusdam admirabilia videntur, permulti sunt, qui pro nihilo putent,
id. Lael. 23, 86:erat nemo in quem ea suspicio conveniret,
id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65, cf.:quis enim miles fuit, qui Brundisii illam non viderit? quis, qui nescierit, etc.,
id. Phil. 2, 25, 61:sit aliquis, qui nihil mali habeat,
id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85:sunt nonnullae disciplinae, quae officium omne pervertant,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5:est quaedam animi sanitas quae in insipientem quoque cadat,
id. Tusc. 4, 13, 30:Syracusis lex est de religione, quae jubeat,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 126:unus est qui curet constantia magis quam consilio,
id. Att. 1, 18, 7:si est una ex omnibus quae sese moveat,
id. Rep. 6, 26, 28:multi sunt, qui non acerbum judicent vivere, sed supervacuum,
Sen. Ep. 24, 26:erant sententiae quae castra Vari oppugnanda censerent,
Caes. B. C. 2, 30:fuere cives qui seque remque publicam obstinatis animis perditum irent,
Sall. C. 36, 4:sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 34:sunt delicta tamen, quibus ignovisse velimus,
id. A. P. 347.—Poet.: est, quibus (acc. to the Gr. estin hois):2.est quibus Eleae concurrit palma quadrigae: est quibus in celeres gloria nata pedes,
Prop. 3, 9 (4, 8), 17.—With dat., to belong or pertain to; or, rendering the dative as the subject of the verb, to have ( possess, = the Fr. etre a used of property, and of permanent conditions or characteristics, not of temporary states, feelings, etc.; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 417 sq.): aliquid reperiret, fingeret fallacias, Unde esset adulescenti, amicae quod daret, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 23:b.nomen Mercurio'st mihi, Plaut Am. prol. 19: nisi jam tum esset honos elo quentiae,
Cic. Brut. 10, 40:est igitur homini cum deo similitudo,
id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:familiaritas, quae mihi cum eo est,
id. Att. 8. 3, 2:privatus illis census erat brevis,
Hor. C. 2, 15, 13; cf.:Trojae et huic loco nomen est,
Liv. 1, 1, 5:Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae,
Ter. Hec. prol. 1:cui saltationi Titius nomen esset,
Cic. Brut. 62, 225:cui (fonti) nomen Arethusa est,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118:Scipio, cui post Africano fuit cognomen,
Liv. 25, 2, 6.—With ellips. of dat. ( poet.):nec rubor est emisse palam (sc. ei),
nor is she ashamed, Ov. A. A. 3, 167:neque testimonii dictio est (sc. servo),
has no right to be a witness, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 63.—Esse alicui cum aliquo, to have to do with, to be connected with a person:3.tecum nihil rei nobis, Demipho, est,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74:sibi cum illa mima posthac nihil futurum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77:jussit bona proscribi ejus, quicum familiaritas fuerat, societas erat,
id. Quint. 6, 25:si mihi tecum minus esset, quam est cum tuis omnibus,
id. Fam. 15, 10, 2.—Esse with certain prepp. and their cases (cf. also I. A. 2. 3. 4. supra).(α).Esse ab aliquo, to be of a person, to be the servant, disciple, adherent, partisan, etc., of:(β).es ne tu an non es ab illo milite e Macedonia?
do you belong to? Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 21:ab Andria est ancilla haec,
Ter. And. 3, 1, 3; 4, 4, 17:erat enim ab isto Aristotele,
Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 160:sed vide ne hoc, Scaevola, totum sit a me,
makes for me, id. de Or 1, 13, 55 (cf. ab, I. B. 3., II. B. 2. o.). —Esse pro aliquo, to be in favor of, make for:(γ).(judicia) partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,
Cic. Clu. 32, 88.—Esse ex aliqua re, to consist of, be made up of:4.(creticus) qui est ex longa et brevi et longa,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183; cf.:duo extremi chorei sunt, id est, e singulis longis et brevibus,
id. Or. 63, 212:etsi temeritas ex tribus brevibus et longa est,
id. ib. 63, 214; 64, 215 (v. also 6. infra). —Euphem., in perf. tempp., of one who has died or a thing that has perished, to be no more, to be gone, departed, dead ( poet.):5.horresco misera, mentio quoties fit partionis: Ita paene tibi fuit Phronesium,
i. e. had almost died, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 92:nunc illud est, cum me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,
id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:sive erimus, seu nos fata fuisse velint,
Tib. 3, 5, 32:fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens Gloria Teucrorum,
Verg. A. 2, 325:certus in hospitibus non est amor: errat ut ipsi, Cumque nihil speres firmius esse, fuit,
Ov. H. 16, (17), 192.—Pregn., to be real or a fact, to be the case; so esp.: est, esto, it is even so, be it so, such is or let such be the case, granted, well, etc.:b.quid tibi vis dicam, nisi quod est?
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 17:sunt ista, Laeli,
Cic. Lael. 2, 6:ista esse credere,
id. Tusc. 1, 6, 10: est vero, inquit, Africane, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 1, 18:est ut dicis, inquam,
id. Fin. 3, 5, 19:sit quidem ut sex milia seminum intereant,
Col. 3, 3, 13:esto: ipse nihil est, nihil potest,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; cf.:verum esto,
id. Fin. 2, 23, 75:esto,
Verg. A. 7, 313; 10, 67; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 81; 1, 17, 37 al.—Hence,The connections est ut, ubi, cum, quod, or with a subject-clause, it happens or chances that, it is the case that, there is cause or reason why, there is a time when, it is allowed or permissible that, one may, etc.(α).Est ut, it is the case or fact, that, etc.:(β).sin est, ut velis Manere illam apud te, dos hic maneat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 32:si est, ut dicat velle se, Redde,
id. Hec. 4, 1, 43:si est, culpam ut Antipho in se admiserit,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 40:est, ut id maxime deceat,
Cic. Or. 59, 199:quando fuit, ut, quod licet, non liceret?
id. Cael. 20, 48:non est igitur, ut mirandum sit, ea praesentiri, etc.,
id. Div 1, 56, 128:non erat, ut fieri posset, mirarier umquam,
Lucr. 5, 979:futurum esse ut omnes pellerentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:non est, ut copia major Ab Jove donari possit tibi,
Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 2:est ut viro vir latius ordinet Arbusta sulcis,
id. C. 3, 1, 9; Dig. 38, 7, 2.—Cf. esse after a neg., with quin:numquam est enim, quin aliquid memoriae tradere velimus,
Auct. Her. 3, 24, 40.—Also, est ut, there is reason, that, etc.:magis est ut ipse moleste ferat errasse se, quam ut, etc.,
Cic. Cael. 6, 14 fin.: ille erat ut odisset primum defensorem salutis meae, he had good reason for hating [p. 1799] id. Mil. 13, 35; cf.:quid erat cur Milo optaret,
id. ib. 13, 34:neque est ut putemus ignorari ea ab animalibus,
Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3. —Est ubi, sometime or another, sometimes:(γ).erit, ubi te ulciscar, si vivo,
Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 26:est, ubi id isto modo valeat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 23.—Est cum, sometimes:(δ).est cum non est satius, si, etc.,
Auct. Her. 4, 26, 36.—Est quod, there is reason to, I have occasion:(ε).est quod visam domum,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 26:etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi quam quod te rogem,
I have more reason to, Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:est quod referam ad consilium: sin, etc.,
Liv. 30, 31, 9:quod timeas non est,
Ov. H. 19, 159:nil est illic quod moremur diutius,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 6:non est quod multa loquamur,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 30.—Cf. with cur:non est cur eorum spes infragatur,
Cic. Or. 2, 6:nihil est cur,
id. Fam. 6, 20, 1.—Est, sit, etc., with infin. in Gr. constr., it is possible, is allowed, permitted, one may, etc. (mostly poet. and post-class.):(ζ).est quadam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 32:Cato, R. R. prooem. § 1: scire est liberum Ingenium atque animum,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 42:nec non et Tityon terrae omniparentis alumnum Cernere erat,
Verg. A. 6, 596; 8, 676; Sil. 2, 413:neque est te fallere quicquam,
Verg. G. 4, 447:unde Plus haurire est,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 79:est Gaudia prodentem vultum celare,
id. ib. 2, 5, 103:quod versu dicere non est,
id. ib. 1, 5, 87:quod tangere non est,
Ov. M. 3, 478:quae verbo objecta, verbo negare sit,
Liv. 42, 41, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:ut conjectare erat intentione vultus,
Tac. A. 16, 34:est videre argentea vasa,
id. G. 5; Val. Max. 2, 6, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 227.— With dat.:ne tibi sit frigida saxa adire,
Prop. 1, 20, 13; Tib. 1, 6, 24 (32):tu procul a patria (nec sit mihi credere tantum!) Alpinas nives Me sine vides,
Verg. E. 10, 46:fuerit mihi eguisse aliquando amicitiae tuae,
Sall. J. 110, 3; Dig. 46, 3, 72, § 4.—In eo ease ut, etc., to be in a condition to reach the point that, to be possible, etc., to be about to, on the point of, etc. ( impers. or with res, etc., as subj.):6.cum jam in eo esset, ut in muros evaderet miles,
Liv. 2, 17, 5:si viderent in eo jam esse ut urbs caperetur,
id. 28, 22, 8:jamque in eo rem fore, ut Romani aut hostes aut domini habendi sint,
id. 8, 27, 3:cum res non in eo essent ut, etc.,
id. 33, 41, 9:non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut, etc.,
id. 30, 19, 3; 34, 41. —With person. subj. (late Lat.):cum ab Ulixe adducta Iphigenia in eo esset, ut immolaretur,
Hyg. Fab. 261. —Like the Engl. to be, for to come, fall, reach, to have arrived, etc. (hence also with in and acc.):7. II.ecquid in mentem est tibi, Patrem tibi esse?
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 54:nam numero mi in mentem fuit,
id. Am. 1, 1, 26:ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,
Cic. Quint. 5, 22:portus in praedonum fuisse potestatem sciatis,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:ut certior fieret, quo die in Tusculanum essem futurus,
id. Att. 15, 4, 2:qui neque in provinciam cum imperio fuerunt,
id. Fam. 8, 8, 8:quae ne in potestatem quidem populi Romani esset,
Liv. 2, 14, 4:nec prius militibus in conspectum fuisse,
Suet. Aug. 16:esse in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 20, 66; cf.:in eorum potestatem portum futurum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 98; v. Gell. 1, 7, 16 sq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 316.—As a copula, to be any thing or in any manner.A.In gen.1.With an adj., subst., or pron.:2.et praeclara res est et sumus otiosi,
Cic. Lael. 5, 17:quod in homine multo est evidentius,
id. ib. 8, 27:sperare videor Scipionis et Laelii amicitiam notam posteritati fore,
id. ib. 4, 15:non sum ita hebes, ut istud dicam,
id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:cum, ignorante rege, uter esset Orestes, Pylades Orestem se esse diceret, Orestes autem ita ut erat, Orestem se esse perseveraret,
id. Lael. 7, 24:consul autem esse qui potui? etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:nos numerus sumus et fruges consumere nati,
are a mere number, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27:pars non minima triumphi est victimae praecedentes,
Liv. 45, 49:nobile erit Romae pascua vestra forum,
Prop. 4 (5), 9, 20:sanguis erant lacrimae,
Luc. 9, 811:ego tu sum, tu es ego: unanimi sumus,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 49:tuos sum,
id. Bacch. 1, 1, 60: domus non ea est, quam parietes nostri cingunt, Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 19:is enim fueram, cui, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 4, 7.—Less freq. with adv. (esp. in colloq. language): Am. Satin' tu sanus es? Sos. Sic sum ut vides, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 57:B.sic, inquit, est,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:est, inquit, ut dicis,
id. ib. 1, 40, 63:quod ita cum sit,
id. ib. 1, 45, 69:quia sunt haud procul ab hujus aetatis memoria,
id. ib. 1, 1, 1 B. and K.:nec vero habere virtutem satis est,
id. ib. 1, 2, 2: frustra id inceptum Volscis fuit. Liv. 2, 25:dato qui bene sit: ego, ubi bene sit, tibi locum lepidum dabo,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:apud matrem recte est,
Cic. Att. 1, 7:cum in convivio comiter et jucunde fuisses,
id. Deiot. 7, 19:omnes hanc quaestionem haud remissius sperant futuram,
id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11:dicta impune erant,
Tac. A. 1, 72.—Esp.: facile alicubi (in aliqua re) esse, with pleasure, glad to be:quod in maritimis facillime sum,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2:locum habeo nullum ubi facilius esse possum,
id. Att. 13, 26, 2 (on esse with an adverb, v. Haase ap. Reisig, Vorles. p. 394; cf. also bene under bonus fin.).—In partic.1.With gen. part., to be of, belong to a class, party, etc.:2.in republica ita est versatus, ut semper optimarum partium et esset et existimaretur,
Nep. Att. 6, 1:qui ejusdem civitatis fuit,
id. Them. 9, 1:qui Romanae partis erant, urbe excesserunt,
Liv. 35, 51, 7: ut aut amicorum aut inimicorum Campani simus;si defenditis, vestri, si deseritis, Samnitium erimus,
id. 7, 30, 9 sq. —With gen. or abl. denoting quality.(α).With gen.:(β).nimium me timidum, nullius animi, nullius consilii fuisse confiteor,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36:disputatio non mediocris contentionis est,
id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:magni judicii, summae etiam facultatis esse debebit,
id. Or. 21, 70:(virtus) nec tantarum virium est, ut se ipsa tueatur,
id. Tusc. 5, 1, 2; id. Fin. 5, 12, 36:Sulla gentis patriciae nobilis fuit,
Sall. J. 95, 3:summi ut sint laboris,
Caes. B. G. 4, 2:civitas magnae auctoritatis,
id. ib. 5, 54:refer, Cujus fortunae (sit),
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54:se nullius momenti apud exercitum futurum,
Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:qui ejusdem aetatis fuit,
id. ib. 11, 1:invicti ad laborem corporis erat,
Liv. 9, 16:nec magni certaminis ea dimicatio fuit,
id. 21, 60:somni brevissimi erat,
Suet. Claud. 33.—So of extent, number, etc.:classis centum navium,
Nep. Them. 2, 2; 2, 5:annus trecentarum sexaginta quinque dierum,
Suet. Caes. 40.—With abl.:3.bono animo es,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4:jam aetate ea sum, ut, etc.,
id. Hec. 5, 1, 11:bellum varia victoria fuit,
Sall. J. 5, 1:L. Catilina nobili genere natus fuit magna vi et animi et corporis, set ingenio malo,
id. C. 5, 1:Sulla animo ingenti,
id. J. 95, 3:esse magna gratia,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8:tenuissima valetudine esse,
id. ib. 5, 40:si fuerit is injustus, timidus, hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:mira sum alacritate ad litigandum,
id. Att. 2, 7, 2:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:ut bono essent animo,
id. Rep. 1, 17, 29:ut uxores eodem jure sint quo viri,
id. ib. 1, 43, 67:qui capite et superciliis semper est rasis,
id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:abi, quaere, unde domo quis, Cujus fortunae, quo sit patre quove patrono,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54 (cf. I. A. 4. supra). —With gen. or abl. of price or value.(α).With gen.:(β). 4.pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:videtur esse quantivis pretii,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 15:a me argentum, quanti (servus) est, sumito,
id. Ad. 5, 9, 20:si ullo in loco frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:ager nunc multo pluris est, quam tunc fuit,
id. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:ut quisque, quod plurimi sit, possideat, ita, etc.,
id. Par. 6, 2, 48:magni erunt mihi tuae litterae,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 4:parvi sunt foris arma, nisi, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 22, 76:an emat denario quod sit mille denarium,
id. ib. 3, 23, 92:parvi pretii est quod nihili est,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4:mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo,
is worth more to me, weighs more with me, id. Att. 12, 28, 2:neque pluris pretii cocum quam vilicum habeo,
Sall. J. 85, 39:erat (agellus) centum milium nummum,
Plin. Ep. 6, 3, 1. —With gen. of possession, etc., it belongs, pertains to; or it is the part, property, nature, mark, sign, custom, or duty of, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).audiant eos, quorum summa est auctoritas apud, etc.,
who possess, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:ea ut civitatis Rhodiorum essent,
Liv. 37, 55, 5:teneamus eum cursum, qui semper fuit optimi cujusque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:quamobrem neque sapientis esse accipere habenas,
id. ib. 1, 5, 9; id. de Or. 2, 20, 86:sapientis est consilium explicare suum, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 333:temeritas est florentis aetatis, prudentia senescentis,
id. Sen. 6, 20:est adulescentis majores natu vereri,
id. Off. 1, 34, 122:Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant,
Liv. 8, 12, 13:tota tribuniciae potestatis erat,
id. 3, 48:alterius morientis prope totus exercitus fuit,
id. 22, 50:jam me Pompeii totum esse scis,
Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 2:hominum, non causarum, toti erant,
Liv. 3, 36:plebs novarum, ut solet, rerum atque Hannibalis tota esse,
were devoted to, favored, id. 23, 14:Dolopes numquam Aetolorum fuerant: Philippi erant,
id. 38, 3:Ptolemaeus propter aetatem alieni arbitrii erat,
id. 42, 29:est miserorum ut malevolentes sint,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 51:quod alterum divinitatis mihi cujusdam videtur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86:negavit moris esse Graecorum, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:non est gravitatis ac sapientiae tuae, ferre immoderatius casum incommodorum tuorum,
id. Fam. 5, 16, 5:est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 4, 5.—Rarely with pronom. posses.:est tuum, Cato, videre quid agatur,
Cic. Mur. 38, 83:fuit meum quidem jam pridem rem publicam lugere,
id. Att. 12, 28, 2.—Esp., with gerundive, to denote tendency, effect, etc.:5.quae res evertendae rei publicae solerent esse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132:regium inperium, quod initio conservandae libertatis fuerat,
Sall. C. 6, 7:qui utilia ferrent, quaeque aequandae libertatis essent,
Liv. 3, 31, 7:ea prodendi imperii Romani, tradendae Hannibali victoriae esse,
id. 27, 9, 12:nihil tam aequandae libertatis esse quam potentissimum quemque posse dicere causam,
id. 38, 51, 8:frustrationem eam legis tollendae esse,
id. 3, 24, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.; 3, 39, 8; 5, 3, 5; 40, 29, 11.—With dat. of the end, object, purpose, etc.:6.vitam hanc rusticam tu probro et crimini putas esse oportere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48:etiam quae esui potuique non sunt, contineri legato,
Dig. 33, 9, 3; Gell. 4, 1, 20:ut divites conferrent, qui essent oneri ferendo,
Liv. 2, 9:magis vis morbi curae esset, maxime quod, etc.,
id. 4, 21, 5:cum solvendo aere (i. e. aeri) alieno res publica non esset,
id. 31, 13:iniciuntur ea, quae umori extrahendo sunt,
Cels. 4, 10 fin. — Esp. in phrase solvendo esse, to be solvent, able to pay:tu nec solvendo eras,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4:cum solvendo civitates non essent,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2 (v. solvo).—With predicative dat. sing., denoting that which the subject is, becomes, appears to be, etc.(α).Without second dat. of pers.:(β).auxilio is fuit,
Plaut. Am. prol. 94:magis curae'st,
id. Bacch. 4, 10, 3; id. Curc. 4, 2, 15; id. As. 1, 3, 23; id. Capt. 5, 2, 13 sq.:cui bono fuerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:eo natus sum ut Jugurthae scelerum ostentui essem,
Sall. J. 24, 10: cupis me esse nequam;tamen ero frugi bonae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 51:magnoque esse argumento, homines scire pleraque antequam nati sint, quod, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 21, 78:multi Indicioque sui facti persaepe fuere, Lucr 4, 1019: ejus rei ipsa verba formulae testimonio sunt,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:haec res ad levandam annonam impedimento fuit,
Liv. 4, 13:cujus rei Demosthenes atque Aeschines possunt esse documento,
Quint. 7, 1, 2.—With second dat. of pers.:7.obsecro vos ego mi auxilio sitis,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 5; id. Ep. 5, 2, 11; id. Most. 1, 2, 68:ne quid Captioni mihi sit,
id. ib. 3, 3, 19:mihi cordi est,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 110:ubi eris damno molestiae et dedecori saepe fueris,
id. As. 3, 2, 25:metuo illaec mihi res ne malo magno fuat,
id. Mil. 2, 6, 12:nec Salus nobis saluti jam esse potest,
id. Most. 2, 1, 4:bono usui estis nulli,
id. Curc. 4, 2, 15:quae sint nobis morbo mortique,
Lucr. 6, 1095:quo magis quae agis curae sunt mihi,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 46:omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: ut mihi magnae curae tuam vitam ac dignitatem esse scires, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A fin.:accusant ei, quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13: haec tam parva [p. 1800] civitas praedae tibi et quaestui fuit, id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:ea dictitare, quae detrimento, maculae, invidiae, infamiae nobis omnibus esse possint,
id. ib. 2, 3, 62, §144: minus ea bella curae patribus erant, quam, etc.,
Liv. 35, 23, 1:sciant patribus aeque curae fuisse, ne, etc.,
id. 4, 7, 6:si hoc perinde curae est tibi quam illud mihi,
Plin. Ep. 6, 8, 9:quantaeque curae tibi fuit, ne quis, etc.,
id. Pan. 25, 3:quantae sit mihi curae,
id. Ep. 6, 8, 2:si judicibus ipsis aut gloriae damnatio rei aut deformitati futura absolutio,
Quint. 6, 1, 12.—Rarely with dat. gerund:nec tamen impedimento id rebus gerundis fuit,
Liv. 26, 24 (for a full account of this dative, v. Roby, Gram. 2, praef. pp. xxv.-lvi., and § 1158 sq.).—Esse ad aliquid, to be of use for, to serve for:8.vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato, R. R. 125:completae naves taeda et pice reliquisque rebus quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101:valvae, quae olim ad ornandum templum erant maxime,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 124.—Id est or hoc est, with predic.-clause by way of explanatory addition, that is, that is to say; sometimes also with a climax in the sense, which is as much as to say, or which is the same thing:9.sed domum redeamus, id est ad nostros revertamur,
Cic. Brut. 46, 172:quodsi in scena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,
id. Lael. 26, 97:meos amicos, in quibus est studium, in Graeciam mitto, id est ad Graecos ire jubeo,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 8:si Epicurum, id est si Democritum probarem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 6:ut (sapiens) aegritudine opprimatur, id est miseria,
id. Tusc. 3, 13, 27: a parte negotiali, hoc est pragmatikêi, Quint. 3, 7, 1:cum in bona tua invasero, hoc est, cum te docuero,
id. 8, 3, 89.—Poet., with Greek inf. pleonastically:2.esse dederat monumentum,
Verg. A. 5, 572 (cf.: dôke xeinêion einai, Hom. Il. 10, 269).sum = eum, Enn. ap. Fest., v. is.3.sum- in composition, for sub before m; v. sub fin. -
12 periculosus
pĕrīcŭlōsus, a, um, adj. [periculum], dangerous, hazardous, perilous (class.):in nosmetipsos periculosi,
incurring danger, endangering ourselves, Cic. Att. 13, 27, 1:consuetudo,
id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:periculosum et grave bellum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4:periculosum et infestum iter,
id. Phil. 12, 10, 25:vulnera,
id. ib. 14, 9, 26:curationes,
id. Off. 1. 24, 83.—With dat.:populo Romano periculosum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 33.— Neutr. in abl. absol.:juxta periculoso, ficta seu vera promeret,
since it was equally perilous, Tac. A. 1, 6.— Neutr. plur. as subst.:in castris quoque periculosa fortissimis imperantur,
Sen. Prov. 4, 8:inimicitiae,
Tac. G. 21.— Sup.:locus,
Cic. Phil. 7, 3, 8:annus,
Liv. 27, 35:bellum,
Flor. 1, 17, 5.—Hence, adv.: pĕrīcŭlōsē, dangerously, hazardously, perilously, with danger, risk, or peril (class.):periculose aegrotans,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:periculose dico,
id. Phil. 7, 3, 8:periculose a paucis emi, quod multorum esset,
Sall. J. 8, 2.— Comp.: nihilo periculosius, without any greater risk, Auct. B. Alex. 64.— Sup.: periculosissime aliquid facere, with the greatest danger, Sen. de Ira, 3, 22, 2. -
13 simplex
simplex icis, adj. with comp. [PARC-], simple, single, plain, uncompounded, unmixed: natura animantis: genus inperi: (comoedia) Duplex quae ex argumento factast simplici, T.: simplex est manere, illud (in Hispaniam ire) anceps, free from risk: necessitudines, absolute: simplici ordine intrare urbem, i. e. one by one, L.: ne simplici quidem genere mortis contenti, i. e. without torture, L.: Nec via mortis erat simplex, i. e. they met death in various ways, V.: volnus, O.: esca, H.: aqua, O.: plus vice simplici, more than once, H.: ornatus simplicium (verborum), single.—Fig., simple, without dissimulation, open, frank, straightforward, direct, guileless, artless, sincere, ingenuous: vir: homo: Nymphae, H.: puella, O.: simplex et fautrix suorum regio: animal Innocuum, simplex, O.: nihil simplex, nihil sincerum: cogitationes, Ta.: Simplicior quis, too straightforward, H.* * *(gen.), simplicis ADJsingle; simple, unaffected -
14 simplex
simplex, ĭcis (abl., regul. simplici;I.simplice,
Lucr. 1, 1013), adj. [sim-; cf. Sanscr. sam, Gr. hama, with Lat. sin-guli, semel, sem-per; and plico].In gen., simple, plain, uncompounded, unmixed, = haplous (cf.:II.sincerus, purus): aut simplex est natura animantis, ut vel terrena sit, vel ignea, etc.... aut concreta est ex pluribus naturis,
Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 34:natura (opp. mixta, conexa, etc.),
Lucr. 3, 231; Cic. N. D. 2, 11, 29; id. Sen. 21, 78:si unum ac simplex (genus inperii) probandum sit, regium probem,
id. Rep. 1, 35, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 23, 43:finis bonorum, qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimillimis rebus misceri et temperari potest,
id. Off. 3, 33, 119:(comoedia) Duplex quae ex argumento facta'st simplici,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 6:(auditus) iter simplex et directum (opp. flexuosum),
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144:simplex est manere, illud (in Hispaniam ire) anceps,
free from risk, id. Att. 12, 7, 1:unum est et simplex aurium judicium,
free from complication, id. Font. 10, 22 (6, 12):necessitudines,
unqualified, absolute, id. Inv. 2, 57, 171; cf.:simplex officium atque una est bonorum omnium causa,
id. Sull. 3, 9:nihil simplici in genere omnibus ex partibus perfectum natura expolivit,
id. Inv. 2, 1, 3:res aperta ac simplex,
id. Caecin. 2, 5:ratio veritatis,
id. de Or. 1, 53, 229; Quint. 8, 3, 87:decem regii lembi simplici ordine intrarunt urbem,
i. e. one by one, Liv. 44, 12, 6; Tac. H. 5, 23; cf.: simplici directā acie, simplicibus ordinibus, single, Auct. B. Alex. 37, 3 sq.:acies,
id. B. Afr. 13, 2:simplex acies media, cornibus duplex,
id. ib. 59, 2:simplici caule,
Plin. 25, 7, 36, § 74: cum in eo ne simplici quidem genere mortis contenti inimici fuissent, i. e. not with his simple death, but must have torture, Liv. 40, 24, 8:qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte puniit,
Suet. Caes. 74:qui proculcari nepotem, quam simplici morte interfici maluit,
Just. 44, 4, 4 al.:nec via mortis erat simplex,
they died in various ways, Verg. G. 3, 482; cf.:ne simplici quidem morte moriebantur, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. l. l. (H. 3, 25 Dietsch ad loc.): nec modus inserere atque oculos inponere simplex,
Verg. G. 2, 73:vulnus,
Ov. M. 6, 254:(tibia) tenuis simplexque foramine pauco,
Hor. A. P. 203:simplici myrto nihil allabores,
id. C. 1, 38, 5:esca,
id. S. 2, 2, 73:jus,
id. ib. 2, 4, 64:cibus,
Plin. 11, 53, 117, § 282:aqua,
Ov. Am. 2, 6, 32; Tac. G. 23:arces dejecit plus vice simplici,
more than once, Hor. C. 4, 14, 13:verba,
uncompounded, Quint. 1, 5, 3:voces,
id. 1, 5, 65; but: ornatus verborum duplex, unus simplicium, alius conlocatorum, single, Cic. Or. 24, 80; cf.:quaedam sunt in rebus simplicia, quaedam complicata,
id. Fat. 13, 30.— Comp.:quantitas simplicior,
Quint. 11, 3, 15.— Sup.:ex simplicissimā quāque materiā (opp. multiplex),
Quint. 10, 5, 10:res,
id. 10, 2, 10.—In partic., simple in a moral sense, without dissimulation, open, frank, straightforward, direct, guileless, artless, honest, sincere, ingenuous, etc. (cf. candidus).—Of persons:2.cum de viro bono quaeritur, quem apertum et simplicem volumus esse, non sunt in disputando vafri, non veteratores, non malitiosi,
Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; id. Off. 1, 19, 63:simplicem et communem et consentientem... eligi par est (opp. multiplex ingenium et tortuosum),
id. Lael. 18, 65; id. Ac. 2, 35, 112:tuum hominis simplicis pectus vidimus,
id. Phil. 2, 43, 111; Liv. 24, 10; Hor. S. 1, 3, 52; 2, 2, 68; id. C. 2, 8, 14; Ov. H. 12, 90; 16, 285:credebant simplices ac religiosi homines,
Liv. 24, 10, 6.—Of things:fidelis et simplex et fautrix suorum regio,
Cic. Planc. 9, 22:animal sine fraude dolisque, Innocuum, simplex,
Ov. M. 15, 121: animus, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:nihil simplex, nihil sincerum,
Cic. Att. 10, 6, 2:virtus,
Vell. 2, 129, 1:verba,
Suet. Tib. 61:cogitationes,
Tac. G. 22.— Comp.:simplicior quis,
too straightforward, too blunt, Hor. S. 1, 3, 63.— Sup.:simplicissimi omnium habentur iracundi,
Sen. Ira, 2, 16, 3:dux,
Vell. 2, 116, 4:mens,
Petr. 101, 3.—Hence, adv.: simplĭcĭter (acc. to I.), simply, plainly, straightforwardly, naturally, directly, utterly, without reserve, = haplôs:quorum (verborum) primum nobis ratio simpliciter videnda est, deinde conjuncte,
Cic. de Or. 3, 37, 149:quaedam genera causarum simpliciter ex suā vi considerantur,
id. Inv. 2, 33, 102:ipsa inventa exponentur simpliciter sine ullā exornatione,
id. ib. 2, 3, 11:locuti sunt simpliciter et splendide,
id. de Or. 2, 16, 68:aut simpliciter quaeritur aut comparate,
id. Top. 22, 84:si est simpliciter breviterque dicendum,
id. Off. 2, 9, 31; so (with breviter) id. Arch. 12, 32:illud nomen simpliciter positum, hoc ad aliquid esse,
Quint. 1, 6, 13:frondes Simpliciter positae, scaena sine arte fuit,
Ov. A. A. 1, 106; Tac. G. 5; cf. comp.:brevius ac simplicius tradi,
Quint. 8, prooem. §1: ignorare se dixit, quidnam perplexi sua legatio haberet, cum simpliciter ad amicitiam petendam venissent,
simply, purely, only, Liv. 34, 57, 6:quidam ludere eum simpliciter, quidam haud dubie insanire, aiebant,
merely, only, id. 41, 20, 4:Cyrenaica philosophia, quam ille et ejus posteri simpliciter defenderunt,
Cic. de Or. 3, 17, 62:in sententiā simpliciter e re publicā ferendā,
id. Red. ad Quir. 10, 24 B. and K.— Comp.:molluscum simplicius sparsum,
Plin. 16, 16, 27, § 68.—(Acc. to II.) Plainly, openly, frankly, artlessly, ingenuously, uprightly, honestly, candidly: simpliciter et candide, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1:3.simpliciter scripserat quae sentiebat,
Curt. 7, 2, 36:simpliciter et libere (opp. dissimulanter et furtim),
Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 2:simpliciter et palam lusit,
Suet. Aug. 71:me amice simpliciterque reprehenderent,
Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 1:qui se simpliciter credunt amicis,
id. ib. 6, 22, 1.— Comp.:simultates simplicius nutrire (opp. callide),
Tac. H. 3, 53 fin.:quo simplicius tibi confitebor,
Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 1; Quint. 1, 13, 2; Tac. H. 3, 53. — Sup.:simplicissime loqui,
Tac. H. 1, 15 fin. — -
15 accipiō
accipiō cēpī, ceptus, ere [ad+capio], to take without effort, receive, get, accept. — Of voluntary taking, to take, accept, take into possession, receive: obsides, Cs.: divitias, N.: aliquid a patre, inherit, N.: suspitio acceptae pecuniae ob rem iudicandam (of a bribe): pecuniam per Volcatium, by the hands of: alqm gremio, V.: milites urbe tectisve, L.: sucos ore aut volnere, O. — Fig.: oculis aut pectore noctem, V.—To admit, let in: armatos in arcem, L.: alqm in amicitiam: (parentes) in civitatem, to citizenship, L.— To take under protection: (virginem) accepi, acceptam servabo, T.: taedā accepta iugali, i. e. wedded, O.—To receive as a guest, entertain, welcome: Laurentes nymphae, accipite Aenean, V.: quam Delos orantem accepit, O.: (eum) in vestram fidem, into your confidence.— Ironically, to entertain, deal with, treat: indignis modis, T.: quo te modo accepissem, nisi iratus essem: eum male acceptum... coegit, etc. (of a defeated enemy), N.—In busines, to collect (money): a praetore pecuniam. — acceptus, P., received, collected: accepta pecunia. — Esp. in the phrase, referre acceptum (alqd), to credit, give credit for: amplius sestertium ducentiens acceptum hereditatibus rettuli, entered to the credit of inheritance, i. e. owe to bequests: alcui vitam suam referre acceptam, acknowledge that he owes his life, etc.: salutem imperi uni omnes acceptam relaturos, Cs. — In law: sponsionem acceptam facere, to discharge the bond, acknowledge payment of the sponsio.—Of involuntary taking, to receive, get, be the recipient of, take, submit to, suffer, bear: volnera tergo, V.: graviore volnere accepto, Cs.: cum semel accepit solem (leo), has felt the power of, H.: hunc metum, i. e. take this risk, T.: contumeliam, T. — Esp. of places, to admit, take in, receive, open to: Strophadum me litora primum Accipiunt, V.: nullae eum urbes accipiunt, nulla moenia, L.: illum unda accipit sinu vasto, V. — Fig., of perception and thought: quae accepi auribus, T.: mandata auribus: quem ipse accepi oculis animoque sensum, hunc, etc., the impression I received.—In gen., to take, hear, attend to, perceive, understand, learn: Accipe nunc Danaum insidias, listen to, V.: sicut ego accepi, as I have heard, S.: ut accepi a senibus: accipite... veterem orationem Archytae: quae postea acciderant, Cs.: reliquos ne famā quidem acceperunt, have not heard of them, Cs.: si te aequo animo ferre accipiet, T.: hoc sic fieri solere accepimus: ex parente ita accepi, munditias mulieribus convenire, S.: ut celeriter acciperet quae tradebantur, understood, N.— Absol: non recte accipis, T.: volenti animo de ambobus acceperant, had eagerly welcomed news of both, S.—In partic., of a word or pledge, take: accipe daque fidem, i. e. exchange solemn assurances, V.—Praegn., to take, interpret, explain: ad contumeliam omnia, to regard as an insult, T.: his in maius acceptis, being exaggerated, L.: hoc in bonam partem, take kindly: alqd durius: facinus severe accipere, with displeasure: aliter tuom amorem atque est, T.: aequo animo, S. — Accipere aliquid in omen, to regard a thing as an omen, accept the omen: id a plerisque in omen magni terroris acceptum, L.; but accipere omen, to receive as a ( favorable) omen, L.—With ellips. of omen: Accipio, adgnoscoque deos, I accept ( the omen) and, etc., V.—To accept, be satisfied with, approve: dos, Pamphile, est decem talenta. Pam. Accipio, T.: ‘equi te esse feri similem, dico.’ Ridemus et ipse Messius, ‘accipio,’ I allow it, exactly so, H.: ab hoste armato condicionem, Cs.— To take upon one, undertake, assume, undergo: bellum, quod novus imperator noster accipiat, in which... succeeds to the command: causam: eos (magistratūs): iudicium (of the defendant), stand the trial: iudicium accipere pro Quinctio, i. e. agree for Q. to stand trial.* * *accipere, accepi, acceptus V TRANStake, grasp, receive, accept, undertake; admit, let in, hear, learn; obey
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